Jump to content

A Whiter Shade of Pale

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

"A Whiter Shade of Pale"
Single by Procol Harum
B-side"Lime Street Blues"
Released12 May 1967 (1967-05-12)
RecordedApril 1967
StudioOlympic Sound, London
Genre
Length
  • 4:03 (original single/album version)
  • 5:54 (50th anniversary stereo remix)
Label
Songwriter(s)
Producer(s)Denny Cordell
Procol Harum singles chronology
"A Whiter Shade of Pale"
(1967) 		"Homburg"
(1967)

"A Whiter Shade of Pale" is a song by the English rock band Procol Harum that was issued as their debut record on 12 May 1967. The single reached number 1 in the UK Singles Chart on 8 June and stayed there for six weeks.[10] Without much promotion, it reached number 5 on the US Billboard Hot 100.[11] One of the anthems of the 1967 Summer of Love, it is one of the most commercially successful singles in history, having sold more than 10 million copies worldwide.[12] In the years since, "A Whiter Shade of Pale" has become an enduring classic, with more than 1,000 known cover versions by other artists.[13][14]

With its Bach-derived instrumental melody, soulful vocals, melancholic tone, and unusual lyrics, the music of "A Whiter Shade of Pale" was composed by Gary Brooker and Matthew Fisher, while the lyrics were written by Keith Reid.[15] Originally, the writing credits only listed Brooker and Reid. In 2009, Fisher won co-writing credit for the music in a unanimous ruling from the Law Lords.

In 1977, the song was named joint winner (along with Queen's "Bohemian Rhapsody") of "The Best British Pop Single 1952–1977" at the Brit Awards.[16] In 1998, the song was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame.[17] In 2004, the performing rights group Phonographic Performance Limited recognised it as the most-played record by British broadcasting of the past 70 years[18] and Rolling Stone placed it 57th on its list of "The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time". In 2009, it was reported as the most played song in the last 75 years in public places in the UK.[19]

The song has been included in many music compilations over the decades and has also been used in the soundtracks of numerous films and television shows, including The Big Chill, Purple Haze, Breaking the Waves, The Boat That Rocked, Tour of Duty, House M.D., Memory, Martin Scorsese's segment of New York Stories, Stonewall, Oblivion, Ken Burns and Lynn Novick's documentary series The Vietnam War, and the limited series The Offer and Billions. Cover versions of the song have also been featured in many films, for example, by King Curtis in Withnail and I and by Annie Lennox in The Net.

Lyrics

[edit]

Keith Reid got the title and starting point for the song at a party.[20] He overheard someone at the party saying to a woman, "You've turned a whiter shade of pale", and the phrase stuck in his mind.[21] The original lyrics had four verses, of which only two are heard on the original recording. The third verse has been heard in live performances by Procol Harum, and more seldom the fourth.[22] Claes Johansen, in his book Procol Harum: Beyond the Pale, suggests that the song "deals in metaphorical form with a male/female relationship which after some negotiation ends in a sexual act".[23] This is supported in Lives of the Great Songs by Tim de Lisle, who remarks that the lyrics concern a drunken seduction, which is described through references to sex as a form of travel, usually nautical, using mythical and literary journeys.[24] Other observers have also commented that the lyrics concern a sexual relationship.[21]

Contrary to the above interpretations, Reid was quoted in the February 2008 issue of Uncut magazine as saying:

I was trying to conjure a mood as much as tell a straightforward, girl-leaves-boy story. With the ceiling flying away and room humming harder, I wanted to paint an image of a scene. I wasn't trying to be mysterious with those images, I was trying to be evocative. I suppose it seems like a decadent scene I'm describing. But I was too young to have experienced any decadence, then. I might have been smoking when I conceived it, but not when I wrote. It was influenced by books, not drugs.

Structurally and thematically, the song is unusual. While the recorded version is 4:03 long, it is composed of only two verses, each with chorus. The piece is also more instrument-driven than most songs of the period, and with a much looser rhyme scheme. Its unusually allusive and referential lyrics are much more complex than most lyrics of the time (for example, the chorus alludes to Geoffrey Chaucer's "The Miller's Tale"). The lyricist, Keith Reid, said: "I'd never read The Miller's Tale in my life. Maybe that's something that I knew subconsciously, but it certainly wasn't a conscious idea for me to quote from Chaucer, no way."[25]

The phrase a whiter shade of pale has since gained widespread use in the English language, as noted by several dictionaries.[26][27][28] As such, the phrase is today often used in contexts independent of any consideration of the song.[29] It has also been heavily paraphrased, in forms like "an Xer shade of Y", to the extent that it has been recognised as a snowclone[30][31] – a type of cliché and phrasal template.

Composition

[edit]
The song's distinctive, Bach-inspired organ part was played on a Hammond M102.

The song is in moderate time in C major[32] and is characterised by the bassline moving stepwise downwards in a repeated pattern throughout. In classical music this is known as a ground bass. The harmonic structure is identical for the organ melody, the verse and the chorus, except that the chorus finishes with a cadence. The main organ melody appears at the beginning and after each verse/chorus. But it is also heard throughout, playing variations of its theme and counterpointing the vocal line. As the chorus commences "And so it was, that later ...", the vocal and organ accompaniment begin a short crescendo, with the organist running his finger rapidly down and up the entire keyboard. The final instrumental fades out to silence ⁠ ⁠—  a common device in pop music of the time.

The similarity between the Hammond Organ line of "A Whiter Shade of Pale" and J. S. Bach's Air from his Orchestral Suite No. 3 2. Air, BWV 1068, (the "Air on the G string"), where the sustained opening note of the main melodic line flowers into a free-flowing melody against a descending bass line, has been noted.

"Air" of Bach's third Orchestral Suite
performed by the United States Air Force Band Strings
Bach Air from Suite 3 bars 1–2
Bach Air from Suite 3 bars 1–3

Gary Brooker said of his composition in his interview with Uncut magazine:

If you trace the chordal element, it does a bar or two of Bach's 'Air on a G String' before it veers off. That spark was all it took. I wasn't consciously combining rock with classical, it's just that Bach's music was in me.[33]

Allan Moore notes in the 2018 BBC radio series "Soul Music" that the resemblance "creates the sense of [Bach’s] music without actually quoting it".[34] The similarity is also referred to humorously in the 1982 play The Real Thing by Tom Stoppard[35] and in the 1991 film The Commitments.[36] The music also borrows ideas from "When a Man Loves a Woman" by Percy Sledge.[37]

Recording

[edit]

Procol Harum recorded "A Whiter Shade of Pale" at Olympic Sound Studios in London, England. The recording was produced by Denny Cordell. Because they did not have a regular drummer, the drums were played by Bill Eyden, a session musician. The track was completed in two takes, with no subsequent overdubbing.[38]

A few days after the session, the band re-recorded the song with their newly recruited drummer, Bobby Harrison, at Advision Studios. This version was discarded, and one of the original mono recordings was chosen for release as the band's debut single. The B-side was "Lime Street Blues", another Brooker–Reid song, which the band recorded at Advision.[39]

Cordell was concerned that the sound of "A Whiter Shade of Pale" might prove problematic on the radio, due to the prominence of the drummer's cymbals. He therefore sent an acetate copy to Radio London, and his worries were assuaged when the disc jockey played the disc on-air and announced: "That sounds like a massive hit."[40]

Release and reception

[edit]

The single was released on 12 May 1967 in the United Kingdom by Deram Records and entered Record Retailer's chart (later the UK Singles Chart) on 25 May. In two weeks it reached number 1, where it stayed for six weeks. Writing in 2005, Jim Irvin of Mojo said that its arrival at number 1 on 8 June 1967, on the same day that the Beatles' Sgt. Pepper's Lonely Hearts Club Band topped the national albums chart, marked the start of the Summer of Love in Britain.[41] In December 1967, New Musical Express readers voted the song "Best British Disc This Year", ahead of "All You Need Is Love" and "Massachusetts".[42]

According to music historian Harvey Kubernik, in the context of the Summer of Love, "A Whiter Shade of Pale" was the "one song [that] stood above all others, its Everest-like status conferred by no less than John Lennon and Paul McCartney, who were enthralled by the Chaucerian wordplay and heavenly Baroque accompaniment".[43] Kubernik also writes that, amid the search for higher consciousness during the flower power era, the song "galvanised a congregation of disaffected youth dismissive of traditional religion but anxious to achieve spiritual salvation".[44]

In a 1981 article on the musical and societal developments of 1967, for The History of Rock, sociomusicologist Simon Frith described "A Whiter Shade of Pale" as the year's "most distinctive single", through its combination of "white soul vocal and a Bach organ exercise" and enigmatic lyrics that "hinted at a vital secret open only to people in the right, drug-determined, state of mind".[45] Beach Boys leader Brian Wilson had a profound reaction to hearing the song and momentarily believed that it was his funeral march; in a 2004 interview, he said, "When I hear it now, I [still] imagine myself at my own funeral."[46]

In the United States, the single reached number 5 on the Billboard Hot 100 and sold over 1 million copies. It stayed at its peak position for two weeks beginning the week of 29 July 1967. It also peaked at number 22 on the soul charts there.[47] Cash Box called it "a haunting, imaginative ballad [that] has a winning sound".[48] Record World said it is distinguished by "a very eerie melody and lyrics that seem to make sense and then don't."[49] The song was included on the US release of the Procol Harum album, in September 1967, but not on the subsequent UK version.[43] In the Netherlands, the single entered the chart at number 1 in June 1967 and reached number 1 again in July 1972. A May 1972 re-release on Fly Records peaked at number 13 in the UK. Due to concerns about overexposure, the song was removed from the band's repertoire in 1969 for a number of years.[citation needed]

"A Whiter Shade of Pale" has continued to receive critical acclaim. Along with Queen's "Bohemian Rhapsody", "A Whiter Shade of Pale" was jointly recognised as "The Best British Pop Single 1952–1977" at the BRIT Awards, part of Elizabeth II's Silver Jubilee. In 1998 the song was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. In 2004, it appeared at number 57 on Rolling Stone magazine's list of the "500 Greatest Songs of All Time". British TV station Channel 4 placed the song at number 19 in its chart of "The 100 Greatest No. 1 Singles".[50] In 2018, the song was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in a new category for singles.[51]

After Brooker's death, the song gained download sales and then entered the UK Official Singles Sales Chart at number 38 on 25 February 2022.[52] In The Netherlands the song also regained popularity after the 2021 murder of crime reporter Peter R. de Vries, who considered it his favorite song.[53]

Promotional films

[edit]
One of the clips for the song was filmed at Witley Court, part of which was gutted by fire in 1937.

The first promotional clip for "A Whiter Shade of Pale" was shot in the ruins of Witley Court in Worcestershire, England.[54] It features four of the five musicians who played on the hit single: Gary Brooker, Matthew Fisher, David Knights and Ray Royer, in performance and walking through the ruins. Only the drummer in the video is not on the record: early band member Bobby Harrison is seen miming to session man Bill Eyden's drumming. The film was directed by Peter Clifton, whose insertion of Vietnam War newsreel footage caused it to be banned from airplay on the BBC's Top of the Pops TV show.[55]

St Anne's Church, Highgate, second promotional clip

Procol Harum subsequently made a second promotional clip, using "Scopitone" technology. By this time, Robin Trower and B.J. Wilson had replaced Royer and Harrison in the band, so only three of the five musicians on the recording are represented. No performance footage appears in this film – only scenes of the five musicians cavorting around London and running across fields.

The same lineup, with Fisher wearing a monk's cowl, mimed to the song on Top of the Pops, although Brooker sang live. Black-and-white footage of the performance has been shown online. The song represents 1967 on the 2004 DVD release Top of the Pops 40th Anniversary 1964–2004.

There was also a film shot as part of Joel Gallen's Deja-View music video series.[56] Originally airing on various networks from late 1985 into 1986, this video starred Harry Dean Stanton and Bernie Taupin, but featured no member of the band. It has also aired on VH1 Classic, and has recently surfaced online.[57][58]

Authorship lawsuit

[edit]

In 2005, former Procol Harum organist Matthew Fisher filed suit in the High Court against Gary Brooker and his publisher, claiming that he co-wrote the music for the song.[59] Fisher won the case on 20 December 2006 but was awarded 40% of the composers' share of the music copyright, rather than the 50% he was seeking and was not granted royalties for the period before 2005.[60]

Brooker and publisher Onward Music were granted leave to appeal, and a hearing on the matter was held before a panel of three judges during the week of 1 October 2007. The decision, on 4 April 2008, by Lord Justice Mummery, in the Court of Appeal upheld Fisher's co-authorship[61] but ruled that he should receive no royalties as he had taken too long (38 years) to bring his claim to litigation. Full royalty rights were returned to Brooker.[62]

On 5 November 2008, Fisher was granted permission to appeal this decision to the House of Lords.[63] Lawyers say it is the first time the Law Lords have been asked to rule on a copyright dispute involving a song.[64] The appeal was heard in the House of Lords on 22–23 April 2009.[65]

On 30 July 2009 the Law Lords unanimously ruled in Fisher's favour. They noted that the delay in bringing the case had not caused any harm to the other party; on the contrary they had benefited financially from it. They also pointed out that there were no time limits to copyright claims under English law. The right to future royalties was therefore returned to Fisher.[66][67] Brooker claimed that the case had cost him £1 million in legal fees.[68]

Personnel

[edit]

Charts

[edit]

Certifications and sales

[edit]
Region Certification Certified units/sales
Belgium — 25,000[117]
France — 700,000[118]
Italy — 300,000[119]
Netherlands — 100,000[120]
Spain — 30,000[121]
United Kingdom
Original release 		— 500,000[122]
United Kingdom (BPI)[123]
2005 release 		Silver 200,000‡

‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.

HSAS version

[edit]

"A Whiter Shade of Pale" was covered by American rock supergroup Hagar Schon Aaronson Shrieve for their 1984 album Through the Fire. It was released as the album's only single and reached No. 94 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.[124]

Personnel

[edit]

Annie Lennox version

[edit]
"A Whiter Shade of Pale"
Single by Annie Lennox
from the album Medusa
B-side
  • "No More 'I Love You's'" (remix)
  • "Heaven"
  • "(I'm Always Touched by Your) Presence Dear"
  • "Love Song for a Vampire"
  • "Don't Let It Bring You Down"
  • "You Have Placed a Chill in My Heart"
  • "Here Comes the Rain Again"
  • "Ladies of the Canyon"
Released29 May 1995 (1995-05-29)[125]
GenrePop
Length
  • 4:49 (single)
  • 5:16 (album)
LabelArista
Songwriter(s)
Producer(s)Stephen Lipson
Annie Lennox singles chronology
"No More I Love You's"
(1995) 		"A Whiter Shade of Pale"
(1995) 		"Waiting in Vain"
(1995)
Music video
"A White Shade of Pale" on YouTube

"A Whiter Shade of Pale" was covered by Scottish singer-songwriter Annie Lennox for her second solo album, Medusa (1995). The song was released as the album's second single in May 1995 and became a top-40 hit in Europe and Canada. It was also used in Irwin Winkler's film The Net, appearing in closing credits.

Critical reception

[edit]

Steve Baltin from Cash Box named the song Pick of the Week, writing, "For the second single from her Medusa album, which is all covers, Lennox takes on one of rock's true classics. Sans the psychedelic feel that Procol Harum had on the original version the song metamorphisizes in Lennox’s distinctly elegant hands. Starting with a simple, yet lovely, keyboard sound the song takes on the cool detached feel of Lennox that one of music's most accomplished singers has become famous for. To say a Lennox song, any Lennox track, is classy is almost redundant, but that is exactly the word to sum up her version of the song. Look for this to successfully hit, especially “No More 'I Love You's” with ample amounts of radio support from Adult Contemporary and CHR."[126]

Chuck Campbell from Knoxville News Sentinel complimented the song as a "stately remake".[127] Steve Sutherland from NME felt the album "is worth investigation if only for Ms. Lennox's interpretation of [...] "A Whiter Shade of Pale". The original is such flimsy pseudo-classical tripe that even its author has admitted he hasn't got the faintest idea what it's about but, miraculously, Ms Lennox renders it even more absurd, her version resembling the house band at a particularly godforsaken holiday camp at the end of a very long, damp and underpopulated season."[128]

Personnel

[edit]

Charts

[edit]
Chart (1995) Peak
position
Australia (ARIA)[129] 56
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Flanders)[130] 48
Belgium (Ultratop 50 Wallonia)[131] 16
Canada Top Singles (RPM)[132] 37
Canada Adult Contemporary (RPM)[133] 2
Europe (European Hot 100 Singles)[134] 45
France (SNEP)[135] 17
Germany (GfK)[136] 77
Ireland (IRMA)[137] 25
Netherlands (Single Top 100)[138] 39
Scotland (OCC)[139] 11
Switzerland (Schweizer Hitparade)[140] 26
UK Singles (OCC)[141] 16
US Bubbling Under Hot 100 Singles (Billboard)[142] 1
US Dance Singles Sales (Billboard)[143]
with "No More 'I Love You's" 		2
US Hot Singles Sales (Billboard)[144] 66

Other charting versions

[edit]

A cover by The Hesitations reached number 100 on the Billboard charts in 1968,[145] and number 83 in Canada.[146]

Another version by R. B. Greaves reached number 82 in the Billboard charts in 1970,[147] and number 85 in Canada.[148]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Ewing, Tom (23 May 2006). "PROCOL HARUM – "A Whiter Shade Of Pale"". Freaky Trigger. Retrieved 23 September 2022.
  2. ^ Harrington, Joe S. (2002). Sonic Cool: The Life & Death of Rock 'n' Roll. Hal Leonard Corporation. p. 191. ISBN 978-0-634-02861-8.
  3. ^ Beckerman, Jim (21 March 2015). "'Walk Away Renee' collaborator Michael Brown of Englewood Cliffs, dies at 65". The Record. Archived from the original on 9 August 2016.{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  4. ^ Roberts, David (2015). "Procol Harum - "A Whiter Shade of Pale". In Dimery, Robert (ed.). 1001 Songs You Must Hear Before You Die. New York: Universe. p. 216.
  5. ^ Leggett, Steve. Various Artists - The Sixties: Psychedelic Side of Pop (2006) Review at AllMusic. Retrieved May 22, 2024.
  6. ^ Faubert, Shane (1998). "Procol Harum". In Graff, Gary; Durchholz, Daniel (eds.). MusicHound Rock: The Essential Album Guide. Detroit: Visible Ink Press. pp. 895–896.
  7. ^ Lanza, Joesph (10 November 2020). "We Skipped the Light Fandango Into a Funeral Pyre". Easy-Listening Acid Trip - An Elevator Ride Through '60s Psychedelic Pop. Port Townsend: Feral House. p. 50.
  8. ^ Marsh, Dave (1989). The Heart of Rock & Soul: The 1001 Greatest Singles Ever Made. Plume. p. 451. ISBN 0-452-26305-0.
  9. ^ "Deram Album Discography". bsnpubs.com. 13 June 2012. Retrieved 11 April 2021.
  10. ^ "EveryHit.com". everyHit.com. Retrieved 21 February 2012.
  11. ^ Whitburn, Joel (2006). The Billboard Book of Top 40 Hits. Billboard Books.
  12. ^ "Procul Harum Signer Gary Brooker Wins A Whiter Shade of Pale Royalty Court Battle". The Mirror, 4 April 2008. Retrieved 30 October 2012.
  13. ^ "A Whiter Shade of Pale Versions – Martin's Collection (archive)". Archived from the original on 15 October 2004. Retrieved 9 November 2017.
  14. ^ "Cover versions of Procol Harum songs". Retrieved 9 November 2017.
  15. ^ "Show 49 - The British Are Coming! The British Are Coming!: With an Emphasis on Donovan, the Bee Gees and the Who. [Part 6] : UNT Digital Library". Digital.library.unt.edu. 5 August 2011. Retrieved 21 February 2012.
  16. ^ "The BRITs 1977". Brits.co.uk. Retrieved 20 October 2012.
  17. ^ Grammy Hall of Fame Award (Archived 19 February 2011 at the Wayback Machine) Grammy.org. Retrieved 30 October 2012.
  18. ^ "Procol Harum Shades Rivals in UK Survey". 17 May 2004. Retrieved 21 February 2012.
  19. ^ "Whiter Shade 'most played' song". BBC News. 13 April 2009. Retrieved 21 February 2012.
  20. ^ Johansen 2000, p. 58.
  21. ^ a b Simpson, Paul, ed. (15 December 2003). The rough guide to cult pop. Rough Guides. p. 249. ISBN 978-1-84353-229-3. Retrieved 8 December 2009.
  22. ^ "Miscellaneous Keith Reid words". Archived from the original on 15 April 2012. Retrieved 1 August 2009.
  23. ^ Johansen 2000, p. 59.
  24. ^ Lives of the Great Songs, Tim de Lisle, Trafalgar Square, 1995, ISBN 1-85793-374-5.
  25. ^ "A Whiter Shade Of Pale by Procol Harum". Songfacts. Retrieved 14 November 2021.
  26. ^ Knowles, Elizabeth, ed. (2007). "Reid, Keith & Brooker, Gary". Oxford Dictionary of Modern Quotations. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-920895-1.
  27. ^ Knowles, Elizabeth, ed. (2004). "Reid, Keith". The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-860720-5.
  28. ^ Ratcliffe, Susan, ed. (2006). "Reid, Keith". Oxford Dictionary of Phrase, Saying, & Quotation. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-280650-5.
  29. ^ "'A Whiter shade of pale' in common parlance". Retrieved 23 June 2009.
  30. ^ "The Snowclones Database". Archived from the original on 22 June 2009. Retrieved 29 June 2009.
  31. ^ Pullum, Geoffrey K; Liberman, Mark (2006). Far from the Madding Gerund and Other Dispatches from the Language Log. Wilsonville, Or.: William, James & Co. ISBN 978-1-59028-055-3.
  32. ^ Keith, Reid; Gary, Brooker; Matthew, Fisher; Harum, Procul (14 September 2009). "A Whiter Shade of Pale". Musicnotes. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
  33. ^ Maconie, Stuart (2014). The People's Songs: The Story of Modern Britain in 50 Records. Ebury Press. p. 82. ISBN 978-0091933807.
  34. ^ A Whiter Shade of Pale – is it really based on Bach?. Moore, A., speaking on BBC Radio 4 programme, Soul Music, 11 April 2018.
  35. ^ Stoppard, T. (1982, p. 74). The Real Thing. London, Faber and Faber.
  36. ^ Parker, A., Introduction to Scott-Irvine, H., Procol Harum: the Ghosts of a Whiter Shade of Pale. Omnibus Press.
  37. ^ Holm-Hudson, Kevin (2008). Genesis and The Lamb Lies Down on Broadway. Ashgate Publishing. p. 78. ISBN 978-0-7546-6147-4. Retrieved 8 December 2009.
  38. ^ Johansen 2000, p. 68.
  39. ^ Johansen 2000, p. 68–69.
  40. ^ Johansen 2000, p. 70.
  41. ^ Irvin, Jim (Summer 2005). "The Beatles: After Pepper". Mojo. Available at Rock's Backpages (subscription required).
  42. ^ "Poll supplement" (PDF). New Musical Express: 9. 9 December 1967. Retrieved 24 February 2023.
  43. ^ a b Kubernik 2017, p. 191.
  44. ^ Kubernik 2017, pp. 149, 191.
  45. ^ Frith, Simon (1981). "1967: The Year It All Came Together". The History of Rock. Available at Rock's Backpages (subscription required).
  46. ^ Kamer, Gijsbert (9 July 2004). "Altijd bang" (in Dutch). Archived from the original on 14 July 2014.
  47. ^ Whitburn, Joel (2004). Top R&B/Hip-Hop Singles: 1942–2004. Record Research. p. 473. ISBN 0-89820-160-8.
  48. ^ "Cash Box Record Reviews" (PDF). Cash Box. 10 June 1967. p. 24. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  49. ^ "Single Picks of the Week" (PDF). Record World. 10 June 1967. p. 1. Retrieved 11 July 2023.
  50. ^ "THE 100 GREATEST No.1 SINGLES". Retrieved 21 September 2006.
  51. ^ "Rock and Roll Hall of Fame Inducts Songs for the First Time, Including 'Born to Be Wild' & 'Louie Louie'". Billboard. Retrieved 15 April 2018.
  52. ^ "Official Singles Sales Chart Top 100 – 25 February 2022 – 03 March 2022". Official Charts. 25 February 2022. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  53. ^ "Queen again number 1 in top 2,000 songs; de Vries' favorite song places third". 5 December 2021.
  54. ^ "Hereford and Worcester - Places - Witley court". BBC. 14 July 2008. Retrieved 10 August 2011.
  55. ^ Robinson, Alan (November–December 2009). "Procol Harum". Shindig!. p. 55.
  56. ^ Holston, Noel (12 December 1985). "Deja View Looks into The '60s". Orlando Sentinel. Retrieved 27 August 2011.
  57. ^ "A Whiter Shade of Pale - Harry Dean Stanton - Procol Harum". Youtube. 21 February 2009. Archived from the original on 17 November 2021.
  58. ^ "Deja View". IMDb.
  59. ^ "A Whiter Shade of Pale authorship lawsuit". Retrieved 21 September 2006.
  60. ^ BBC NEWS | Entertainment | Organist wins Procol Harum battle.
  61. ^ "Judgment in the AWSoP lawsuit appeal, 4 April 2008". Procolharum.com. Retrieved 10 August 2011.
  62. ^ BBC - Procol Harum ruling is overturned.
  63. ^ BBC News, 6 November 2008, Lords House to hear Procol battle; www.bbc.co.uk.
  64. ^ "Law Lords hear Harum song battle". BBC News. 22 April 2009. Retrieved 23 April 2010.
  65. ^ Bowcott, Owen (22 April 2009). "A Whiter Shade of Pale: House of Lords asked to rule in copyright wrangle". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 29 June 2009.
  66. ^ "Victory for Whiter Shade organist". BBC. 30 July 2009. Archived from the original on 31 July 2009. Retrieved 30 July 2009.
  67. ^ "Judgments – Fisher (Original Respondent and Cross-appellant) v Brooker and others (Original Appellants and Cross-respondents)". 30 July 2009. Retrieved 31 July 2009.
  68. ^ Anon (23 February 2022). "OBITUARY: Procol Harum singer Gary Brooker dies aged 76". The Times. Retrieved 25 February 2022.
  69. ^ "Hits of the World". Billboard. 4 November 1967. p. 48. Retrieved 24 March 2022 – via Google Books.
  70. ^ "Go-Set Australian charts - 12 July 1967". Gosetcharts. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
  71. ^ Kent, David (2005). Australian Chart Book 1940–1969. Australian Chart Book Pty Ltd, Turramurra, N.S.W. ISBN 0-646-44439-5.
  72. ^ "Procol Harum – A Whiter Shade of Pale" (in German). Ö3 Austria Top 40.
  73. ^ "Procol Harum – A Whiter Shade of Pale" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50.
  74. ^ "Procol Harum – A Whiter Shade of Pale" (in French). Ultratop 50.
  75. ^ Brazilian Singles Sales - Associação Brasileira dos Produtores de Discos. 4 November 1967.
  76. ^ "Top RPM Singles: Issue 10087." RPM. Library and Archives Canada.
  77. ^ "Top RPM Adult Contemporary: Issue 10086a." RPM. Library and Archives Canada.
  78. ^ a b "Hits of the World". Billboard. 9 September 1967. p. 62. Retrieved 24 March 2022 – via Google Books.
  79. ^ "TOP Hebdo - 5 août 1967". www.top-france.fr. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
  80. ^ "The Irish Charts – Search Results – A Whiter Shade of Pale". Irish Singles Chart.
  81. ^ "Classifiche". Musica e dischi (in Italian). Set "Tipo" on "Singoli". Then, in the "Artista" field, search "Procol Harum".
  82. ^ Okamoto, Satoshi (2011). Single Chart Book: Complete Edition 1968-2010 (in Japanese). Roppongi, Tokyo: Oricon Entertainment. ISBN 4-87131-088-4
  83. ^ "Hits of the World" (PDF). Billboard. 16 September 1967. p. 69. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
  84. ^ "Nederlandse Top 40 – Procol Harum" (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40.
  85. ^ "Procol Harum – A Whiter Shade of Pale" (in Dutch). Single Top 100.
  86. ^ "Flavour of New Zealand, 11 August 1967". Flavourofnz.co.nz. Archived from the original on 25 September 2020. Retrieved 17 July 2019.
  87. ^ "Procol Harum – A Whiter Shade of Pale". VG-lista.
  88. ^ "Hits of the World". Billboard. 2 September 1967. p. 62. Retrieved 24 March 2022 – via Google Books.
  89. ^ Kimberley, C. Zimbabwe: Singles Chart Book. Harare: C. Kimberley, 2000
  90. ^ "South African Rock Lists Website - SA Charts 1965 - 1989 Acts (P)". Rock.co.za. Archived from the original on 27 May 2019. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
  91. ^ a b Salaverri, Fernando (2015). Sólo éxitos 1959–2012 (1st ed.). Spain: Fundación Autor-SGAE. ISBN 978-84-8048-866-2.
  92. ^ "Procol Harum - Se alla låtar och listplaceringar". NostalgiListan (in Swedish). Retrieved 13 October 2022.
  93. ^ Hufschmid, Gusty (2001). 33 Jahre Schweizer Hitparade – Single Charts. Keller. ISBN 3-7808-0182-5.
  94. ^ a b "PROCOL HARUM | full Official Chart History | Official Charts Company". www.officialcharts.com. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
  95. ^ "Procol Harum Chart History (Hot 100)". Billboard.
  96. ^ "Procol Harum Chart History (Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs)". Billboard.
  97. ^ "Cash Box Top 100 Singles – Week ending August 12, 1967". Cash Box magazine. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
  98. ^ "Offiziellecharts.de – Procol Harum – A Whiter Shade of Pale" (in German). GfK Entertainment charts.
  99. ^ Kent, David (1993). Australian Chart Book 1970–1992. Australian Chart Book, St Ives, N.S.W. p. 241. ISBN 0-646-11917-6.
  100. ^ "Procol Harum – A Whiter Shade of Pale" (in Dutch). Ultratop 50.
  101. ^ "The Irish Charts – Search Results – A Whiter Shade of Pale". Irish Singles Chart.
  102. ^ "Nederlandse Top 40 – Procol Harum" (in Dutch). Dutch Top 40.
  103. ^ "Procol Harum – A Whiter Shade of Pale" (in Dutch). Single Top 100.
  104. ^ "Go-Set Magazine Charts". www.poparchives.com.au. Barry McKay. January 2007. Archived from the original on 6 March 2017. Retrieved 13 July 2017.
  105. ^ "AMR Top Singles of 1967". www.top100singles.net.
  106. ^ "Jahreshitparade Singles 1967". austriancharts.at. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
  107. ^ "Jaaroverzichten 1967". Ultratop. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
  108. ^ "Top RPM Singles: Issue 100151." RPM. Library and Archives Canada.
  109. ^ "TOP - 1967". www.top-france.fr. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
  110. ^ "Top 100-Jaaroverzicht van 1967". www.top40.nl. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
  111. ^ "Top 20 Hit Singles of 1967". Rock.co.za. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
  112. ^ "Top 100 Hits of 1967/Top 100 Songs of 1967". Retrieved 12 August 2016.
  113. ^ "The Cash Box Year-End Chart: 1967". Tropicalglen.com. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
  114. ^ "Top 100 Single-Jahrescharts". GfK Entertainment (in German). offiziellecharts.de. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
  115. ^ "Top 100-Jaaroverzicht van 1972". www.top40.nl. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
  116. ^ "Jaaroverzichten - Single 1972". www.dutchcharts.nl. Retrieved 13 October 2022.
  117. ^ "Belgium". Billboard. 1 July 1967. p. 50. ISSN 0006-2510. Retrieved 31 May 2022.
  118. ^ Hennessey, Mike (30 September 1967). "From Music Capitals of the World - Paris". Billboard. p. 62. Retrieved 6 May 2023 – via Google Books.
  119. ^ "'Pale' Goes Over 300,000 in Italy". Billboard. 30 September 1967. p. 62. Retrieved 31 May 2022 – via Google Books.
  120. ^ "International - From The Music Capitols of the World - Amsterdam" (PDF). Billboard. 8 July 1967. p. 50. Retrieved 6 May 2023 – via World Radio History.
  121. ^ "International - From The Music Capitols of the World - Madrid" (PDF). Billboard. 19 August 1967. p. 58. Retrieved 6 May 2023 – via World Radio History.
  122. ^ Murrells, Joseph (1985). Million selling records from the 1900s to the 1980s : an illustrated directory. Arco Pub. p. 248. ISBN 0668064595. There were huge sales in the U.S.A. In Britain the disc was No 1 for six weeks with 15 weeks in the bestsellers, selling 380,000 in 16 days and soon easily passing the half million. In France it was No 1 for 11 weeks and went on to sell over half a million - a rarity for that country. In the U.S.A. it got to No 3 with 12 weeks in their bestsellers. Global sales were reported at six million.
  123. ^ "British single certifications – Procol Harum – A Whiter Shade of Pale". British Phonographic Industry. Retrieved 18 June 2021.
  124. ^ "Through the Fire Billboard Singles". AllMusic. Rovi Corporation. Retrieved 28 March 2012.
  125. ^ "New Releases: Singles". Music Week. 27 May 1995. p. 43.
  126. ^ Baltin, Steve (19 August 1995). "Pop Singles" (PDF). Cash Box. p. 7. Retrieved 8 November 2022.
  127. ^ Campbell, Chuck (24 March 1995). "Lennox Can Still Thrill, But Her Ambition Is Low". Knoxville News Sentinel.
  128. ^ Sutherland, Steve (11 March 1995). "Long Play". NME. p. 53. Retrieved 25 December 2023.
  129. ^ Ryan, Gavin (2011). Australia's Music Charts 1988–2010 (PDF ed.). Mt Martha, Victoria, Australia: Moonlight Publishing. p. 164.
  130. ^ "Annie Lennox – A Whiter Shade of Pale..." (in Dutch). Ultratop 50. Retrieved 3 November 2016.
  131. ^ "Annie Lennox – A Whiter Shade of Pale..." (in French). Ultratop 50. Retrieved 3 November 2016.
  132. ^ "Top RPM Singles: Issue 2736." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 3 November 2016.
  133. ^ "Top RPM Adult Contemporary: Issue 2743." RPM. Library and Archives Canada. Retrieved 3 November 2016.
  134. ^ "Hits of the World" (PDF). Billboard. Retrieved 3 November 2016.
  135. ^ "Annie Lennox – A Whiter Shade of Pale..." (in French). Les classement single. Retrieved 3 November 2016.
  136. ^ "Annie Lennox – A Whiter Shade of Pale..." (in German). GfK Entertainment charts. Retrieved 3 November 2016.
  137. ^ "The Irish Charts – Search Results – Annie Lennox". Irish Singles Chart. Retrieved 3 November 2016.
  138. ^ "Annie Lennox – A Whiter Shade of Pale..." (in Dutch). Single Top 100. Retrieved 3 November 2016.
  139. ^ "Official Scottish Singles Sales Chart Top 100". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 3 November 2016.
  140. ^ "Annie Lennox – A Whiter Shade of Pale...". Swiss Singles Chart. Retrieved 3 November 2016.
  141. ^ "Annie Lennox: Artist Chart History". Official Charts Company. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
  142. ^ "Annie Lennox Chart History (Bubbling Under Hot 100)". Billboard. Retrieved 3 November 2016.
  143. ^ "Annie Lennox Chart History (Dance Singles Sales)". Billboard. Retrieved 29 April 2023.
  144. ^ "Hot Singles Sales". Billboard. Retrieved 3 November 2016.
  145. ^ "Billboard Hot 100 - November 9, 1968". Billboard.
  146. ^ "RPM Top 100 Singles - November 25, 1968" (PDF).
  147. ^ "Billboard Hot 100 - December 12, 1970". Billboard.
  148. ^ "RPM Top 100 Singles - December 19, 1970" (PDF).

Sources

[edit]
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=A_Whiter_Shade_of_Pale&oldid=1259530076"