Lev's disease
| Lev's disease | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Lenegre–Lev syndrome |
| Specialty | Cardiology |
Lev's disease is an acquired complete heart block due to idiopathic fibrosis and calcification of the electrical conduction system of the heart. Lev's disease is most commonly seen in the elderly, and is often described as senile degeneration of the conduction system.
One form has been associated with SCN5A.[1]
The use of electrocardiograms, especially in non-specialized settings like emergency rooms, may incidentally reveal a dysrhythmia that can confuse diagnosis, however serial ECGs will demonstrate an evolving conduction block arrhythmia characteristic of Lev’s disease, thus allowing for correct diagnosis.[2]
Presentation
[edit]Signs and Symptoms
[edit]Associated conditions
[edit]Stokes–Adams attacks can be precipitated by this condition. These involve a temporary loss of consciousness resulting from marked slowing of the heart when the atrial impulse is no longer conducted to the ventricles. This should not be confused with the catastrophic loss of heartbeat seen with ventricular fibrillation or asystole.[citation needed]
Epidemiology
[edit]Diagnosis
[edit]Prevention
[edit]Pathophysiology
[edit]History
[edit]In March 1954, researchers Richman and Wolff analyzed several patient cases using electrocardiograms and vectorcardiograms.[3] In terms of the different cardiovascular diagnostic tests available, electrocardiograms are the most widely used between physicians.[4] Electrocardiograms record and detect the electrical impulses generated by the heart.[5] By doing so, medical professionals are able to analyze the electrical activity of the heart and detect any irregularities that may impact the function of the heart.[5] Among these cases, patients exhibited a left bundle branch block that resembled a right bundle branch block.[3] Although the electrocardiograms showed a right bundle branch block, the vectorcardiograms detected a left bundle branch block.[3]
Treatment and Management
[edit]Lev's disease is also known as Progressive cardiac conduction defect (PCCD)[6]
There are no studies that were conducted to determine what is the best treatment option for Lev's disease. However, this disease can be treated with a pacemaker[7][8]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Schott JJ, Alshinawi C, Kyndt F, et al. (1999). "Cardiac conduction defects associate with mutations in SCN5A". Nat. Genet. 23 (1): 20–1. doi:10.1038/12618. PMID 10471492. S2CID 7595466.
- ^ Carius, Brandon M.; Long, Brit; Schauer, Steve (May 2019). "Lev's Syndrome: A rare case of progressive cardiac conduction disorder presenting to the emergency department". The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 37 (5): 1006.e1–1006.e4. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2019.01.054.
- ^ a b c Richman, Justin L.; Wolff, Louis (1954). "Left bundle branch block masquerading as right bundle branch block". American Heart Journal. 47 (3): 383–393. doi:10.1016/0002-8703(54)90295-1.
- ^ Cook, David A.; Oh, So-Young; Pusic, Martin V. (2020-11-01). "Accuracy of Physicians' Electrocardiogram Interpretations: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis". JAMA Internal Medicine. 180 (11): 1461. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.3989. ISSN 2168-6106. PMC 7522782. PMID 32986084.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) - ^ a b Jaros, Rene; Martinek, Radek; Danys, Lukas (2019-07-11). "Comparison of Different Electrocardiography with Vectorcardiography Transformations". Sensors. 19 (14): 3072. doi:10.3390/s19143072. ISSN 1424-8220. PMC 6678609. PMID 31336798.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link) - ^ Schott, Jean-Jacques; Alshinawi, Connie; Kyndt, Florence; Probst, Vincent; Hoorntje, Theo M.; Hulsbeek, Miriam; Wilde, Arthur A. M.; Escande, Denis; Mannens, Marcel M. A. M.; Le Marec, Hervé (September 1999). "Cardiac conduction defects associate with mutations in SCN5A". Nature Genetics. 23 (1): 20–21. doi:10.1038/12618. ISSN 1546-1718.
- ^ Barra, SéRgio Nuno Craveiro; ProvidêNcia, Rui; Paiva, LuíS; Nascimento, José; Marques, AntóNio LeitãO (2012). "A Review on Advanced Atrioventricular Block in Young or Middle‐Aged Adults". Pacing and Clinical Electrophysiology. 35 (11): 1395–1405. doi:10.1111/j.1540-8159.2012.03489.x. ISSN 0147-8389.
- ^ Carius, Brandon M.; Long, Brit; Schauer, Steve (2019-05-01). "Lev's Syndrome: A rare case of progressive cardiac conduction disorder presenting to the emergency department". The American Journal of Emergency Medicine. 37 (5): 1006.e1–1006.e4. doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2019.01.054. ISSN 0735-6757.