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1285

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Millennium: 2nd millennium
Centuries:
Decades:
Years:
1285 in various calendars
Gregorian calendar1285
MCCLXXXV
Ab urbe condita2038
Armenian calendar734
ԹՎ ՉԼԴ
Assyrian calendar6035
Balinese saka calendar1206–1207
Bengali calendar692
Berber calendar2235
English Regnal year13 Edw. 1 – 14 Edw. 1
Buddhist calendar1829
Burmese calendar647
Byzantine calendar6793–6794
Chinese calendar甲申年 (Wood Monkey)
3982 or 3775
    — to —
乙酉年 (Wood Rooster)
3983 or 3776
Coptic calendar1001–1002
Discordian calendar2451
Ethiopian calendar1277–1278
Hebrew calendar5045–5046
Hindu calendars
 - Vikram Samvat1341–1342
 - Shaka Samvat1206–1207
 - Kali Yuga4385–4386
Holocene calendar11285
Igbo calendar285–286
Iranian calendar663–664
Islamic calendar683–684
Japanese calendarKōan 8
(弘安8年)
Javanese calendar1195–1196
Julian calendar1285
MCCLXXXV
Korean calendar3618
Minguo calendar627 before ROC
民前627年
Nanakshahi calendar−183
Thai solar calendar1827–1828
Tibetan calendar阳木猴年
(male Wood-Monkey)
1411 or 1030 or 258
    — to —
阴木鸡年
(female Wood-Rooster)
1412 or 1031 or 259
Peter III overlooking the Panissar Pass

Year 1285 (MCCLXXXV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar.

Events

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By place

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Europe

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England

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Levant

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  • April 17 – Mamluk forces under Sultan Qalawun (the Victorious) appear with specially built war engines before the Crusader fortress of Margat and begin a siege. For a month, the Mamluks can make no progress and the assaults on the stronghold are repelled. Qalawun then invites a delegation of Knights Hospitaller to come and see the damage his engineers have done to the 'impregnable' fortifications. They understood they have no real choice and are forced to surrender on May 25. The Hospitallers are allowed to retire with all their possessions, on horseback and fully armed. The rest of the garrison is promised a safe-conduct to Tortosa – while Qalawun establishes a Mamluk garrison which he uses as a basis for further campaigns against the Crusader States.[6]

Asia

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By topic

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Art and Culture

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Markets

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  • The first record is made of an emission of life annuities, by the city of Lübeck. It is the first instance of issue of public debt in Germany, and it confirms a trend of consolidation of local public debt over north-western Europe (see 1228).[8]
  • The County of Champagne is integrated into the kingdom of France; the region loses its haven characteristics for foreign merchants, and the Fairs of Troyes quickly dwindle into economic insignificance.[9]

Religion

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Births

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Deaths

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References

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  1. ^ Hallam, Elizabeth M. (1980). Capetian France: 987–1328, p. 356. Longman. ISBN 978-0-582-40428-1.
  2. ^ Joseph F. O'Callaghan (2011). The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the Battle for the Strait, p. 90. ISBN 978-0-8122-2302-6.
  3. ^ Joseph F. O'Callaghan (2011). The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the Battle for the Strait, pp. 90–91. ISBN 978-0-8122-2302-6.
  4. ^ Joseph F. O'Callaghan (2011). The Gibraltar Crusade: Castile and the Battle for the Strait, p. 91. ISBN 978-0-8122-2302-6.
  5. ^ Williams, Hywel (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 150. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0-304-35730-8.
  6. ^ Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, pp. 330–31. ISBN 978-0-241-29877-0.
  7. ^ Stone, Zofia (2017). Genghis Khan: A Biography, p. 76. Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. ISBN 978-93-86367-11-2.
  8. ^ Zuijderduijn, Jaco (2009). Medieval Capital Markets. Markets for renten, state formation and private investment in Holland (1300-1550). Leiden/Boston: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-17565-5.
  9. ^ Abu-Lughod, Janet L. (1991). Before European Hegemony: The World System A.D. 1250-1350. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-506774-6.
  10. ^ Kaufhold, Hubert (2000). "Notizen zur Späten Geschichte des Barsaumo-Klosters". Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies. 3 (2): 227. Retrieved February 23, 2024.
  11. ^ "Ferdinand IV | king of Castile and Leon". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved July 18, 2020.