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Inland port

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Port of Lappeenranta on the Lake Saimaa in Lappeenranta, Finland

An inland port is a port on an inland waterway, such as a river, lake, or canal, which may or may not be connected to the sea. The term "inland port" is also used to refer to a dry port.

Examples

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The United States Army Corps of Engineers publishes biannually a list of such locations and for this purpose states that "inland ports" are ports that are located on rivers and do not handle deep draft ship traffic. The list includes ports such as St. Louis, Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, Kansas City, and Memphis. A dense network of inland waterways including ports exists also in Europe (France, Germany, Poland, Russia, the United Kingdom and the Benelux countries), as well as in China and Brazil.

Port of Montreal, Canada's second busiest port

List of inland waterway ports

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Africa

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Asia

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Inland Rivers

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Port of Water body Coords. Website Features & notes[18]
Bangladesh
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Port of Ashuganj Meghna River, Ganges Delta
Port of Dhaka Buriganga River, Ganges Delta
Port of Narayanganj Shitalakshya River, Ganges Delta
Port of Pangaon Buriganga River, Ganges Delta
Cambodia
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Phnom Penh Autonomous Port Mekong River
China
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Port of Nanjing Yangtze River
Port of Wuhan Yangtze River
Port of Chongqing Yangtze River
Port of Suzhou Yangtze River
Port of Nantong Yangtze River
Port of Jiangyin Yangtze River
Luzhou Yangtze River
Yibin Yangtze River
Yangzhou Yangtze River, on China Grand Canal
Jining China Grand Canal
Huai'an China Grand Canal, on Huai River
Rongqi Port, Shunde Bei River
Jiangmen Xi River
Zhaoqing Xi River
India
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Port of Budge Budge Ganges River
Port of Dhulian Ganges River (Padma)
Dhubri Port Brahmaputra River
Port of Farakka Ganges River
Port of Jogigopa Brahmaputra River
Haldia Inland Port Hooghly River, Ganges Delta
Port of Kolaghat Rupnarayan River
Kolkata Inland Port Hooghly River, Ganges Delta
Port of Maia Ganges River (Padma)
Port of Pakur Ganges River
Port of Patna Ganges River
Port of Sahebganj Ganges River
Port of Varanasi Ganges River
Russia
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Barnaul Ob River, on Barnaulka River
Biysk Biya River
Krasnoyarsk Yenisei River
Yakutsk Lena River
Thailand
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Ha Chiang Port Mekong River

Europe

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Duisburg Inner Harbour
Port of Bratislava at night
North River Port in Moscow

Inland Rivers

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Port of Water body Coords. Website Features & notes[18]
Germany
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Duisburg Inland Port Rhine River 51°27′N 6°45′W / 51.45°N 6.75°W / 51.45; -6.75 (Duisburg-Port) duisport.de
Dortmund Port Dortmund–Ems Canal 51°32′N 7°26′W / 51.53°N 7.44°W / 51.53; -7.44 (Dortmund-Port) e-port-dortmund.de
United Kingdom
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Port of London River Thames 51°30′N 0°03′W / 51.50°N 0.05°W / 51.50; -0.05 (Port-of-London) pla.co.uk
Port of Manchester(including Manchester Docks) River Mersey 51°30′N 0°03′W / 51.50°N 0.05°W / 51.50; -0.05 (Port-of-Manchester) pla.co.uk Was closed in 1982; being renovated as the Atlantic Gateway
Port of Bristol River Avon 51°30′N 2°42′E / 51.50°N 2.70°E / 51.50; 2.70 (Port-of-Bristol) bristolport.co.uk
Gloucester Docks Gloucester and Sharpness Canal 51°52′N 2°15′E / 51.86°N 2.25°E / 51.86; 2.25 (Gloucester-Docks) visitgloucester.co.uk
Goole River Ouse and Aire and Calder Navigation 51°52′N 2°15′E / 51.86°N 2.25°E / 51.86; 2.25 (Goole) abports.co.uk
France
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Autonomous Port of Paris Seine 48°51′N 2°21′W / 48.85°N 2.35°W / 48.85; -2.35 (Autonomous-Port-of-Paris)
Lyon Rhone 45°43′N 4°50′W / 45.71°N 4.83°W / 45.71; -4.83 (Port-of-Lyon)

North America

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Great Lakes

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Canada
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Port of / de Prov. Water body Coords. Website Features & notes[18]
Oshawa ON Lake Ontario 43°53′N 78°52′W / 43.89°N 78.86°W / 43.89; -78.86 (Oshawa)
Toronto ON Lake Ontario196n. mi. L[20] 43°40′01″N 79°25′01″W / 43.667°N 79.417°W / 43.667; -79.417 (Toronto) torontoport.com CA rank: 16
Hamilton ON Lake Ontario 43°16′N 79°51′W / 43.26°N 79.85°W / 43.26; -79.85 (Hamilton) hamiltonport.ca CA rank: 8
Windsor ON Detroit River 42°17′N 83°05′W / 42.29°N 83.09°W / 42.29; -83.09 (Windsor) portwindsor.com CA rank: 11
Sarnia ON St. Clair River 42°58′01″N 82°24′00″W / 42.967°N 82.4°W / 42.967; -82.4 (Sarnia)
Goderich ON Lake Huron 43°43′59″N 81°42′00″W / 43.733°N 81.7°W / 43.733; -81.7 (Goderich)
Sault Ste. Marie ON Lake Superior 46°32′N 84°21′W / 46.53°N 84.35°W / 46.53; -84.35 (Sault Ste. Marie)
Thunder Bay ON Lake Superior 48°25′N 89°17′W / 48.42°N 89.28°W / 48.42; -89.28 (Thunder Bay) Thunder Bay Port Authority CA rank: 9
Kingston ON Lake Ontario / Saint Lawrence River
Nanticoke ON Lake Erie
United States
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Port of State Water body Coords. Website Features & notes[21]
Oswego NY Lake Ontario 43°27′29″N 76°30′11″W / 43.458°N 76.503°W / 43.458; -76.503 (Oswego)
Buffalo NY Lake Erie 42°52′41″N 78°53′42″W / 42.878°N 78.895°W / 42.878; -78.895 (Buffalo) portofbuffalo.com US rank: 125
Erie PA Lake Erie283n. mi. L[20] 42°09′07″N 80°04′05″W / 42.152°N 80.068°W / 42.152; -80.068 (Erie)
Conneaut OH Lake Erie 41°58′01″N 80°32′56″W / 41.967°N 80.549°W / 41.967; -80.549 (Conneaut) US rank: 79
Ashtabula OH Lake Erie 41°55′08″N 80°47′31″W / 41.919°N 80.792°W / 41.919; -80.792 (Ashtabula) US rank: 64
Fairport Harbor OH Lake Erie 41°46′01″N 81°17′38″W / 41.767°N 81.294°W / 41.767; -81.294 (Fairport Harbor) US rank: 116
Cleveland OH Lake Erie 41°28′44″N 81°40′19″W / 41.479°N 81.672°W / 41.479; -81.672 (Cleveland) portofcleveland.com Cleveland-Cuyahoga County Port Authority, US rank: 47
Lorain OH Lake Erie 41°28′55″N 82°11′42″W / 41.482°N 82.195°W / 41.482; -82.195 (Lorain) US rank: 143
Huron OH Lake Erie 41°24′18″N 82°32′38″W / 41.405°N 82.544°W / 41.405; -82.544 (Huron) US rank: 149
Sandusky OH Lake Erie 41°28′12″N 82°42′43″W / 41.47°N 82.712°W / 41.47; -82.712 (Sandusky) US rank: 98
Marblehead OH Lake Erie 41°31′48″N 82°42′32″W / 41.53°N 82.709°W / 41.53; -82.709 (Marblehead, Ohio) US rank: 91
Toledo OH Lake Erie 41°39′47″N 83°30′29″W / 41.663°N 83.508°W / 41.663; -83.508 (Toledo) toledoportauthority.org Toledo-Lucas County Port Authority, US rank: 48
Monroe MI Lake Erie 41°54′54″N 83°23′28″W / 41.915°N 83.391°W / 41.915; -83.391 (Monroe) US rank: 96
Detroit MI Detroit River 42°16′08″N 83°06′36″W / 42.269°N 83.11°W / 42.269; -83.11 (Detroit) portdetroit.com Detroit/Wayne County Port Authority, US rank: 42
Marine City MI St. Clair River 42°42′54″N 82°30′07″W / 42.715°N 82.502°W / 42.715; -82.502 (Marine City)
St. Clair MI St. Clair River 42°49′37″N 82°29′38″W / 42.827°N 82.494°W / 42.827; -82.494 (St. Clair) US rank: 57
Marysville MI St. Clair River 42°49′37″N 82°28′52″W / 42.827°N 82.481°W / 42.827; -82.481 (Marysville)
Alpena MI Lake Huron 45°03′22″N 83°25′19″W / 45.056°N 83.422°W / 45.056; -83.422 (Alpena) US rank: 100
Stoneport Harbor MI Lake Huron 45°16′52″N 83°28′12″W / 45.281°N 83.47°W / 45.281; -83.47 (Stoneport Harbor) US rank: 68
Port Calcite MI Lake Huron 45°23′35″N 83°46′34″W / 45.393°N 83.776°W / 45.393; -83.776 (Port Calcite) US rank: 73
Charlevoix MI Lake Michigan 45°18′47″N 85°14′35″W / 45.313°N 85.243°W / 45.313; -85.243 (Charlevoix)
Manistee MI Lake Michigan 44°15′04″N 86°20′38″W / 44.251°N 86.344°W / 44.251; -86.344 (Manistee)
Muskegon MI Lake Michigan 43°11′42″N 86°21′00″W / 43.195°N 86.35°W / 43.195; -86.35 (Muskegon) US rank: 117
Grand Haven MI Lake Michigan 43°04′01″N 86°14′10″W / 43.067°N 86.236°W / 43.067; -86.236 (Grand Haven) US rank: 145
Port of Indiana-Burns Harbor IN Lake Michigan 41°38′35″N 87°09′18″W / 41.643°N 87.155°W / 41.643; -87.155 (Burns Waterway Harbor) portsofindiana.com/burns_harbor US rank: 67
Gary IN Lake Michigan 41°36′43″N 87°19′30″W / 41.612°N 87.325°W / 41.612; -87.325 (Gary) U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Huntington District US rank: 58
Buffington IN Lake Michigan 41°38′42″N 87°24′58″W / 41.645°N 87.416°W / 41.645; -87.416 (Buffington) US rank: 128
Indiana Harbor IN Lake Michigan 41°40′34″N 87°26′42″W / 41.676°N 87.445°W / 41.676; -87.445 (Indiana Harbor) US rank: 49
Chicago IL Lake Michigan 41°53′13″N 87°38′17″W / 41.887°N 87.638°W / 41.887; -87.638 (Chicago) theportofchicago.com Archived 2016-05-03 at the Wayback Machine US rank: 36
Milwaukee WI Lake Michigan 42°59′17″N 87°54′00″W / 42.988°N 87.9°W / 42.988; -87.9 (Milwaukee) www.port.mil.wi.us milwaukee.gov US rank: 95
Green Bay WI Lake Michigan 44°30′58″N 88°01′05″W / 44.516°N 88.018°W / 44.516; -88.018 (Green Bay) portofgreenbay.com US rank: 108
Escanaba MI Lake Michigan 45°44′02″N 87°01′30″W / 45.734°N 87.025°W / 45.734; -87.025 (Escanaba) US rank: 75
Port Inland MI Lake Michigan 45°57′18″N 85°51′47″W / 45.955°N 85.863°W / 45.955; -85.863 (Port Inland) US rank: 76
Port Dolomite MI Lake Huron 45°59′06″N 84°16′30″W / 45.985°N 84.275°W / 45.985; -84.275 (Port Dolomite) US rank: 83
Drummond Island MI St Marys River 45°59′31″N 83°53′10″W / 45.992°N 83.886°W / 45.992; -83.886 (Drummond Island) US rank: 130
Marquette MI Lake Superior 46°30′40″N 87°17′13″W / 46.511°N 87.287°W / 46.511; -87.287 (Marquette) US rank: 135
Presque Isle Harbor MI Lake Superior 46°34′37″N 87°23′06″W / 46.577°N 87.385°W / 46.577; -87.385 (Presque Isle) US rank: 54
Twin Ports of Duluth-Superior MN, WI Lake Superior 46°46′41″N 92°05′46″W / 46.778°N 92.096°W / 46.778; -92.096 (Duluth–Superior) duluthport.com US rank: 18
Two Harbors MN Lake Superior 47°00′14″N 91°39′47″W / 47.004°N 91.663°W / 47.004; -91.663 (Two Harbors) US rank: 41
Silver Bay MN Lake Superior 47°17′02″N 91°16′34″W / 47.284°N 91.276°W / 47.284; -91.276 (Silver Bay) US rank: 65
Taconite MN Lake Superior 47°31′23″N 90°55′44″W / 47.523°N 90.929°W / 47.523; -90.929 (Taconite)
Sault Ste. Marie MI St. Marys River

Rivers and inland

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Canada
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Port of / de Prov. Water body Coords. Website Features & notes[18]
Port-Cartier QC St Lawrence River 49°57′00″N 66°58′01″W / 49.95°N 66.967°W / 49.95; -66.967 (Port-Cartier) qcmines.com
Baie-Comeau QC St Lawrence River 49°14′20″N 68°07′44″W / 49.239°N 68.129°W / 49.239; -68.129 (Baie-Comeau) tc.gc.ca
Saguenay QC Saguenay River 48°24′07″N 70°49′55″W / 48.402°N 70.832°W / 48.402; -70.832 (Saguenay) portsaguenay.ca CA rank: 18
Québec QC St Lawrence River 46°48′47″N 71°13′08″W / 46.813°N 71.219°W / 46.813; -71.219 (Québec) portquebec.ca CA rank: 5
Trois-Rivières QC St Lawrence River 46°21′N 72°33′W / 46.35°N 72.55°W / 46.35; -72.55 (Trois-Rivières) porttr.com CA rank: 15
Montréal QC St Lawrence Seaway, St Lawrence River On. mi. L[20] 1000 n. mi. to deep water 45°30′32″N 73°33′14″W / 45.509°N 73.554°W / 45.509; -73.554 (Montréal) port-montreal.com CA rank: 4
United States
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Port of State Water body Coords. Website Features & notes[21]
Minneapolis MN upper Mississippi River, 839 mi. R[22] 44°59′38″N 93°16′26″W / 44.994°N 93.274°W / 44.994; -93.274 (Minneapolis) Closed[23]
St. Paul MN upper Mississippi River, 839 mi. L[22] 44°57′07″N 93°03′43″W / 44.952°N 93.062°W / 44.952; -93.062 (St. Paul) US rank: 74
Rock Island IL upper Mississippi River, 483 mi. L[22] 41°29′20″N 90°34′01″W / 41.489°N 90.567°W / 41.489; -90.567 (Rock Island)
St. Louis and East St. Louis MO, IL upper Mississippi River 180 mi. R,[22] Missouri River 0 mi. R[24] 38°34′N 90°14′W / 38.57°N 90.23°W / 38.57; -90.23 (St. Louis) missouriports.org US rank: 24
Cairo IL Mississippi River lower 954 mi. L,[25] upper 0 mi. L;[22] Ohio River 981 mi. R[26] 37°00′47″N 89°10′01″W / 37.013°N 89.167°W / 37.013; -89.167 (Cairo)
Memphis TN Mississippi River, 735 mi. L[25] 35°10′55″N 90°03′43″W / 35.182°N 90.062°W / 35.182; -90.062 (Memphis) portofmemphis.com US rank: 45
Helena AR Mississippi River, 663 mi. R[25] 34°31′19″N 90°34′59″W / 34.522°N 90.583°W / 34.522; -90.583 (Helena) US rank: 120
Greenville MS Mississippi River, 532 mi. R[25] 33°21′32″N 91°07′37″W / 33.359°N 91.127°W / 33.359; -91.127 (Greenville) US rank: 90
Vicksburg MS Mississippi River, 436 mi. L[25] 32°20′06″N 90°54′04″W / 32.335°N 90.901°W / 32.335; -90.901 (Vicksburg) US rank: 81
Natchez MS Mississippi River, 363 mi. L[25] 31°33′14″N 91°23′17″W / 31.554°N 91.388°W / 31.554; -91.388 (Natchez)
Baton Rouge LA Mississippi River, 228 mi. R[25] 30°25′23″N 91°11′56″W / 30.423°N 91.199°W / 30.423; -91.199 (Baton Rouge) portgbr.com US rank: 14
New Orleans LA Mississippi River, 103 mi. L[25] 29°54′50″N 90°05′06″W / 29.914°N 90.085°W / 29.914; -90.085 (New Orleans) portno.com US rank: 7[27]
Sioux City IA Missouri River, 732 mi. L[24] 42°29′20″N 96°25′05″W / 42.489°N 96.418°W / 42.489; -96.418 (Sioux City) [28]
Lewiston ID Columbia River 46°26′02″N 116°56′06″W / 46.434°N 116.935°W / 46.434; -116.935 (Lewiston) portoflewiston.com
Kansas City MO Missouri River, 370 mi. R[24] 39°06′54″N 94°36′29″W / 39.115°N 94.608°W / 39.115; -94.608 (Kansas City) kcportauthority.com US rank: 52[28]
Pittsburgh PA Allegheny, Monongahela, Ohio rivers, 0 mi.[26] 40°26′31″N 80°00′58″W / 40.442°N 80.016°W / 40.442; -80.016 (Pittsburgh) port.pittsburgh.pa.us US rank: 22[28]
Huntington WV, KY, OH Ohio River, 309 mi. L, elev. 515 ft.[26] 38°26′02″N 82°25′12″W / 38.434°N 82.42°W / 38.434; -82.42 (Huntington) US rank: 10[28]
Cincinnati OH Ohio River, 472 mi. R[26] 39°05′38″N 84°30′18″W / 39.094°N 84.505°W / 39.094; -84.505 (Cincinnati) US rank: 43[28]
Louisville KY Ohio River, 604 mi. L[26] 38°15′50″N 85°45′40″W / 38.264°N 85.761°W / 38.264; -85.761 (Louisville) US rank: 66[28]
Port of Indiana-Jeffersonville IN Ohio River portsofindiana.com/jeffersonville
Tell City Riverport IN Ohio River, 727 mi. R[26] 37°56′17″N 86°46′05″W / 37.938°N 86.768°W / 37.938; -86.768 (Tell City) www.pcrailport.net
Port of Indiana-Mount Vernon IN Ohio River, 829 mi. R[26] 37°55′19″N 87°52′30″W / 37.922°N 87.875°W / 37.922; -87.875 (Mount Vernon) portsofindiana.com/mount_vernon US rank: 69[28]
Nashville TN Cumberland River 36°09′54″N 86°46′30″W / 36.165°N 86.775°W / 36.165; -86.775 (Nashville) US rank: 86[28]
Chattanooga TN Tennessee River 35°01′26″N 85°19′37″W / 35.024°N 85.327°W / 35.024; -85.327 (Chattanooga) US rank: 105[28]
Birmingport AL Black Warrior River – Locust Fork
Guntersville AL Tennessee River 34°22′26″N 86°17′17″W / 34.374°N 86.288°W / 34.374; -86.288 (Guntersville) US rank: 110[28]
Decatur AL Tennessee River 34°34′52″N 86°58′59″W / 34.581°N 86.983°W / 34.581; -86.983 (Decatur) decaturtransit.com [28]
Tuscaloosa – Northport AL Black Warrior River
Montgomery AL Alabama River
Tulsa OK Arkansas River 36°13′05″N 95°44′24″W / 36.218°N 95.74°W / 36.218; -95.74 (Tulsa) tulsaport.com
Tulsa USACE: Kerr-McClellan Arkansas River Navigation System
Kerr/McClellan Navigational Channel,[28]
Shreveport-Bossier LA Red River 32°30′54″N 93°44′24″W / 32.515°N 93.74°W / 32.515; -93.74 (Shreveport-Bossier) portsb.com [28]
Albany NY Hudson River 42°38′35″N 73°44′53″W / 42.643°N 73.748°W / 42.643; -73.748 (Albany) portofalbany.com US rank: 63
Port Columbus GA Chattahoochee River 32°27′00″N 84°58′59″W / 32.45°N 84.983°W / 32.45; -84.983 (Columbus, Georgia)
Port Bainbridge GA Lake Seminole 30°54′18″N 84°34′16″W / 30.905°N 84.571°W / 30.905; -84.571 (Bainbridge) gaports.com
Walla Walla WA Columbia, Snake rivers 46°03′54″N 118°19′48″W / 46.065°N 118.33°W / 46.065; -118.33 (Walla Walla) portwallawalla.com
Portland OR Columbia, Willamette rivers 45°33′40″N 122°42′39″W / 45.561223°N 122.710922°W / 45.561223; -122.710922 portofportland.com U.S. Rank: 28
Sacramento CA Sacramento River 38°33′22″N 121°28′08″W / 38.556°N 121.469°W / 38.556; -121.469 (Sacramento) portofsacramento.com
Stockton CA San Joaquin River 37°57′11″N 121°18′58″W / 37.953°N 121.316°W / 37.953; -121.316 (Stockton) portofstockton.com US rank: 111
Port of Philadelphia PA Delaware River
Port of Richmond VA James River [29]

South America

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See also

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Notes

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  • Canada ranking from Transport Canada.[18]
  • Saint Lawrence Seaway distances from Seaway Handbook.[20]
  • United States ranking from American Association of Port Authorities.[21]
  • Upper Mississippi River distances from U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.[22]
  • Lower Mississippi River distances from U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.[25]
  • Ohio River distances from U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.[26]
  • Missouri River distances from U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.[24]
  • Mississippi Basin ports marked.[28]
  • Some ports were part of the Dubai Ports World controversy.[27]

References

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  1. ^ The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica (2018). "Boma, Democratic Republic of the Congo". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  2. ^ The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica (2018). "Ilebo, Democratic Republic of the Congo". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  3. ^ The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica (2018). "Matadi, Democratic Republic of the Congo". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  4. ^ Burke, Jason (17 January 2017). "Face-off over the Congo: the long rivalry between Kinshasa and Brazzaville". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  5. ^ The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica (2018). "Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  6. ^ The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica (2018). "Brazzaville: National Capital, Republic of the Congo". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  7. ^ The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica (2018). "Ismailia, Egypt". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  8. ^ "Swaziland Plans R30 Billion Inland Port: Project Will Link Country To Ocean Via Canal Running Through Mozambique". Press Reader Quoting Sunday Tribune Newspaper. 16 August 2015. Retrieved 20 November 2018.
  9. ^ Olingo, Allan (20 September 2017). "New Kisumu port to operate under lease". The EastAfrican. Nairobi. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  10. ^ The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica (2018). "Kenitra, Morocco". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  11. ^ The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica (2018). "Juba, National Capital, South Sudan". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  12. ^ Lonely Planet (2018). "Bukoba, Tanzania". Lonely Planet Online. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  13. ^ a b Uganda Radio Network (16 November 2017). "Uganda, Tanzania to revive Port Bell-Mwanza marine route". The Observer (Uganda) Quoting Uganda Radio Network. Kampala. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  14. ^ Kang'ereha, Dorcas (10 April 2018). "Tender for upgrade of Kigoma Port in Tanzania re-advertised". Nairobi: Construction Review Online.
  15. ^ Misairi Thembo Kahungu (15 February 2018). "Construction of Bukasa inland port starts next year". Daily Monitor. Kampala. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  16. ^ Frederic Musisi, and Mark Keith Muhumuza (29 April 2016). "Tanga pipeline to take more than just oil to sea". Daily Monitor. Kampala. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  17. ^ Sinyangwe, Henry (11 June 2017). "Mpulungu to handle more cargo". Zambia Daily Mail. Lusaka. Retrieved 21 November 2018.
  18. ^ a b c d e Marine Transportation Archived 2008-03-11 at the Wayback Machine, Table 8-17," Canada's Marine Domestic &International Traffic Handled for CPA's and Other Ports, 2003–2004" Transportation in Canada 2005, Transport Canada; domestic and foreign in megatonnes.
  19. ^ Official website
  20. ^ a b c d Distance from the Montreal start of the Saint Lawrence Seaway in nautical miles; for river sides facing down stream L=left, R=right. Seaway Handbook Archived 2006-10-29 at the Wayback Machine – Complete 2006 Edition. Also Trade Mission Brochure Archived 2019-02-21 at the Wayback Machine, Great Lakes/St. Lawrence Seaway System.
  21. ^ a b c Port rankings by tonnage from [AAPA website], accessed 2 Oct 2012
  22. ^ a b c d e f Distance up the Mississippi River from Cairo, Illinois; side of the river as one faces down river, L=left, R=right. St. Paul and Rock Island Districts, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
  23. ^ "Minneapolis moves to close Upper Harbor Terminal". 2012-04-16. Retrieved 2016-08-04.
  24. ^ a b c d Distance up the Missouri River from St. Louis, Missouri; side of the river as one faces down river, L=left, R=right. Kansas City District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
  25. ^ a b c d e f g h i Distance up the Mississippi River from Head of Passes, Louisiana; side of the river as one faces down river, L=left, R=right. 1998 Mississippi River Navigation Charts, Upper Mississippi River Mile 300 to Gulf of Mexico, Mississippi Valley Division, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Also Index of maps by river mile 1998 Mississippi River Navigation Charts.
  26. ^ a b c d e f g h Distance down the Ohio River from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; side of the river as one faces down river, L=left, R=right. Louisville and Huntington Districts, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers.
  27. ^ a b Dubai Ports World controversy
  28. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Mississippi watershed
  29. ^ "Port of Richmond".