Adai language
Appearance
Adai | |
---|---|
Tenánat Hadéyas | |
Native to | United States |
Region | Louisiana |
Ethnicity | Adai people |
Extinct | late 19th century[1] |
unclassified | |
Dialects | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | xad |
xad | |
Glottolog | adai1235 |
Linguasphere | 64-BCA-a |
![]() Pre-contact distribution of Adai |
Adai (also Adaizan, Adaizi, Adaise, Adahi, Adaes, Adees, Atayos) is an extinct Native American language that was spoken in northwestern Louisiana.
Classification
[edit]It was once proposed that there may be a connection between Adai and the nearby Caddoan languages, but this now seems unlikely.[2]
Vocabulary
[edit]Adai is known only from a list of 275 words from 1804 by John Sibley.[3] The manuscript word list below has been reproduced from Grant's (1995) transcriptions.[2] (Note: Due to the poor printing in Grant (1995), the text below may not be entirely accurate and will need to be re-checked.)
Nouns
[edit]gloss | Adai |
---|---|
fire | nang |
water | holcat |
earth | capăt |
air | gavecăt |
wind | solette |
sky | ganick |
sun | naleen |
moon | nachavat |
star | otat |
light | cahachet |
darkness | hachaoosto |
day | nestack |
night | arestenet |
cold | hastalza |
smoke | sewot |
cloud | sowie |
fog | sawiatto |
rain | ganic |
hail | hiechuck |
ice | hăhing |
frost | hatsuck |
dew | helgat |
rainbow | cochakee |
thunder | nacotrine |
lightning | newiche |
yesterday | woncha |
today | naleaton |
tomorrow | ansteete |
a day | nallenachus |
a month | ponachus |
a year | ovetsnachus |
spring | hoasang |
summer | weetsuck |
autumn | hăstal neetsoock |
winter | henawnck |
a man | haasing |
a woman | quaechuke |
a boy | tallahache |
a girl | quoatwistuck |
a child | tallahaning |
father | kewanick |
mother | amanie |
brother | gasing |
sister | nasing |
husband | hasekino |
wife | quochekino |
son | tallehennic |
daughter | quolasinic |
the body | stieng |
the head | tochae |
the hair | catatuck |
the beard | tosocat |
the faced | annack |
an eye | analca |
the nose | wecoocat |
the cheek | ampachochuk |
chin | teaskuck |
lip | wacachuck |
mouth | wacatcholak |
tooth | awat |
tongue | tenanat |
ear | calat |
neck | hautoleat |
arm | walcat |
wrist | sickolat |
hand | secut |
finger | okinsin |
belly | noeyack |
back | sahaocat |
side | soleot |
bubby | acut |
nipple | actonè |
thigh | otack |
leg | ahasuck |
foot | nocal |
toe | notocat |
skin | polac |
nails | sicksapasca |
bone | wahacut |
blood | pchack |
life | waaton |
death | oeying |
food | capisting |
meat | kosing |
fat | taanack |
lean | ahcanick |
bread | okhapin |
Indian corn | ocasuck |
milk | haplecut |
egg | oalaken |
a house | coochut |
buffalo | haapan |
elk | wakhanissie |
deer | wakhine |
bear | solang |
wolf | akalasco |
panther | hieanne |
wildcat | ocashine |
polecat | nowat |
fox | yanostan |
beaver | culawa |
raccoon | angalasto |
opossum | wasehat |
hare | awaine |
squirrel | onack |
flying squirrel | paachan |
mole | ainolack |
a bird | washang |
an eagle | ochuck |
a hawk | tiang |
owl | onack |
turkey | owachuck |
swan | teotoka |
wild goose | nicknicka |
duck | ahuck |
turkey buzzard | aspachuack |
raven | anak |
crow | antocock (anlocock) |
blackbird | tehalhuck |
crane | cuhat |
pigeon | anchocat |
pheasant | newatocat |
partridge | newan |
mockingbird | waccocochin |
redbird | yatochosto |
snake | hostuck |
lizard | annuila |
butterfly | washep |
fly | ganetso |
fish | aesut |
frog | halonloka (halontoka) |
gold | selhack |
silver | stawa |
copper | holnasak |
a stone | ekseka |
wood | mang |
gum | wastocha |
a mountain | tolola |
hill | newanah |
valley | steluck |
sea | aatack |
lake | aatalkon |
pond | holcata |
river | yawichat |
creek | yacuck |
a spring | holcastalga |
grass | hasack |
a tree | tanack |
pine | tanquechat |
cedar | nooktanuck |
sycamore | heohè |
ash | toltenna |
elm | napstein |
beech | hancaptin |
birch | caoluck |
maple | wieack |
oak | pantana |
chestnut | hangan |
hickory | tampchasuck |
walnut | nahattonie |
locust | nohat |
mulberry | etalenno |
a vine | colac |
tobacco | hackhuck |
joy | olaha |
sorrow | cachtiek |
Adjectives
[edit]gloss | Adai |
---|---|
white | testaga |
black | hatona |
green | naetsa |
blue | ostonga |
yellow | neetsack |
red | pechasat |
good | awiste |
bad | ashawè |
large | tocat |
small | enechet |
high | alonie |
low | hatishtinet |
broad | walack |
narrow | cooatechuck |
old | hansnala |
young | tallahasin |
new | colisco |
hard | toosca |
soft | yolaca |
sweet | piscacha |
sour | chacuck |
bitter | yaweiling |
hot | welchuck |
cold | hostalga |
dry | tollooso |
wet | walloco |
strong | olack |
weak | okesack |
pretty | alwoinie |
ugly | chawack |
sick | kistana |
brave | hackhing |
cowardly | tewani |
wise | acknossese |
foolish | achiskiet |
Pronouns
[edit]gloss | Adai |
---|---|
I | hicatuck |
you | innaluak |
he | nassicon |
she | estuck |
they | ostachan |
this | attack |
that | natack |
Verbs
[edit]gloss | Adai |
---|---|
to eat | okeach |
to drink | hann |
to sleep | nican |
to laugh | heike |
to cry | newaskè |
to sing | havetoo |
to whistle | yastoo |
to smell | nescon |
to hear | henaasack |
to see | watuck |
to speak | cocheek |
to walk | enacoot |
to run | hehi |
to stand | hintoco |
to sit | hetachelsa |
to lie down | connie |
to smoke a pipe | hatchhunk |
to love | cosetan |
to hate | hieska |
to strike | ecanhack |
to kill | yoeick |
to dance | nasan |
to jump | yestook |
to fall | yeahtack |
to break | cheeceek (cheereek?) |
to bend | pasquoque |
Numerals
[edit]gloss | Adai |
---|---|
1 | nancas |
2 | nass |
3 | colle |
4 | tacache |
5 | seppacan |
6 | pacanancus |
7 | pacaness |
8 | pacalcon |
9 | sickinish |
10 | neusne |
11 | cooscosnawa |
12 | coawaconnos |
13 | coescoescola |
14 | coescoestacahce |
15 | coescoesspacanas |
16 | coescoespacana |
17 | coescoespalcol |
18 | coescoespaciness |
19 | coescoessickiness |
20 | neusnieanagas |
20 | coescoesnagas |
30 | coescoesnass |
40 | coescoescola |
50 | coescoestathata |
60 | coescoesipagan |
70 | coescosepanas |
80 | coescoeshana |
90 | coescoespalcola |
100 | coescoessikiness |
200 | neusnicola |
300 | neusnicol |
400 | coscosnagas |
500 | coscosnassa |
600 | coescoescolla |
700 | coescoestacataha |
800 | coescoesipacanis |
900 | coescoespacanis |
1000 | quosquospanis |
Others
[edit]gloss | Adai |
---|---|
yes | cola |
no | ieska |
Notable places language was spoken
[edit]- Natchitoches, Louisiana
- Natchitoches Parish, Louisiana
- Sabine Parish, Louisiana
- Robeline, Louisiana
- Isle Brevelle
- Los Adaes
- Fort St. Jean Baptiste State Historic Site
- San Antonio
References
[edit]- ^ Adai at MultiTree on the Linguist List
- ^ a b Grant, Anthony P. 1995. John Sibley's Adai vocabulary: a contribution to Caddoan Lexicography? Paper presented at 1995 Siouan-Caddoan Conference, Albuquerque. 15pp. (Contains the entire vocabulary of Adai from MS in American Philosophical Soc.)
- ^ Sibley, John. 1804. A vocabulary of the Adaye or Adaize Indians. Manuscript. (See also Mithridates Vol. 3, part 3., p. 278.)
- Campbell, Lyle. (1997). American Indian languages: The historical linguistics of Native America. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-509427-5
- Mithun, Marianne. (1999). The languages of Native North America. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-23228-7 (hbk); ISBN 0-521-29875-X.
External links
[edit]![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png)
Wiktionary has a word list at Appendix:Adai word list