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Sher Bahadur Deuba

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Honourable
Sher Bahadur Deuba
MP
शेर बहादुर देउवा
32nd Prime Minister of Nepal
In office
13 July 2021 – 26 December 2022
PresidentBidya Devi Bhandari
Preceded byKhadga Prasad Sharma Oli
Succeeded byPushpa Kamal Dahal
In office
7 June 2017 – 15 February 2018
PresidentBidya Devi Bhandari
DeputyBijay Kumar Gachhadar
Preceded byPushpa Kamal Dahal
Succeeded byKhadga Prasad Sharma Oli
In office
4 June 2004 – 1 February 2005
MonarchKing Gyanendra
Preceded bySurya Bahadur Thapa
Succeeded byGirija Prasad Koirala
In office
26 July 2001 – 4 October 2002
MonarchKing Gyanendra
Preceded byGirija Prasad Koirala
Succeeded byLokendra Bahadur Chand
In office
12 September 1995 – 12 March 1997
MonarchKing Birendra
Preceded byMan Mohan Adhikari
Succeeded byLokendra Bahadur Chand
Other senior positions
Leader of the Opposition
In office
4 March 2024 – 12 July 2024
PresidentRam Chandra Paudel
Prime MinisterPushpa Kamal Dahal
Preceded byKP Sharma Oli
Succeeded byPushpa Kamal Dahal
In office
26 December 2022 – 27 February 2023
PresidentBidya Devi Bhandari
Prime MinisterPushpa Kamal Dahal
Preceded byKP Sharma Oli
Succeeded byKP Sharma Oli
In office
15 February 2018 – 13 July 2021
PresidentBidya Devi Bhandari
Prime MinisterKP Sharma Oli
Preceded byKP Sharma Oli
Succeeded byKP Sharma Oli
In office
7 March 2016 – 24 August 2016
PresidentBidya Devi Bhandari
Prime MinisterKP Sharma Oli
Preceded bySushil Koirala
Succeeded byKP Sharma Oli
Minister of Home Affairs
In office
1991–1994
MonarchKing Birendra
Prime MinisterGirija Prasad Koirala
Preceded byYog Prasad Upadhyay
Succeeded byKhadga Prasad Sharma Oli
President of the Nepali Congress
Assumed office
7 March 2016
Vice PresidentBimalendra Nidhi
Bijay Kumar Gachhadar
Purna Bahadur Khadka
Dhanraj Gurung
Preceded bySushil Koirala
Parliamentary offices
Member of the Parliament, Pratinidhi Sabha
Assumed office
4 March 2018
Preceded byHimself (as member of the Legislature Parliament)
ConstituencyDadeldhura 1
In office
May 1991 – April 2008
Preceded byConstituency created
Succeeded byHimself (as member of the Constituent Assembly)
ConstituencyDadeldhura 1
Member of the Constituent Assembly / Legislature Parliament
In office
28 May 2008 – 14 October 2017
Preceded byHimself (as member of the House of Representatives)
Succeeded byHimself (as member of the House of Representatives)
ConstituencyDadeldhura 1
Personal details
Born (1946-06-13) 13 June 1946 (age 78)
Ashigram, Nepal[1]
Political partyNepali Congress (before 2002; 2007–present)
Other political
affiliations		Nepali Congress (Democratic) (2002–2007)
SpouseArzu Rana Deuba
Alma materTribhuvan University,London School of Economics and Political Science
Signature
Websitesherbahadurdeuba.com
This article is part of
a series about
Sher Bahadur Deuba
Incumbent

Sher Bahadur Deuba (Nepali: शेरबहादुर देउवा, pronounced [seɾ baːduɾ deu̯ba] ⓘ; born 13 June 1946) is a Nepali politician and former prime minister of Nepal. He has also been serving as the president of the Nepali Congress since 2016. Deuba has served five terms as prime minister (1995–1997, 2001–2002, 2004–2005, 2017–2018 and 2021–2022) and is the Member of Parliament for the parliamentary constituency of Dadeldhura 1.

Born and raised in Ashigram, a remote village in Dadeldhura, Deuba completed his primary education there and his secondary education in Doti. He completed his higher education at Tri-Chandra College In 1991, he was elected to the House of Representatives and served as the Minister of Home Affairs in the cabinet led by Girija Prasad Koirala. Deuba became prime minister after Manmohan Adhikari tried to dissolve the parliament for the second time in two years in 1995.[2] He oversaw the signature of the Mahakali treaty with India during his first term. His second premiership started in July 2001 amidst the rise of the Maoists and he later declared a state of emergency and listed the Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) as a "terrorist organisation".[3] He was dismissed by King Gyanendra in October 2002, but after a public backlash, he was reappointed prime minister in June 2004. He was arrested after the 2005 coup d'état by King Gyanendra, and released in February 2006 after the Supreme Court declared his arrest unlawful.[4]

Deuba was sworn in as prime minister for a fourth stint in June 2017, as per an agreement to form a rotational government by Congress and the CPN (Maoist Centre).[5] His government successfully conducted the elections of all three levels of government in different phases in 2017. On 12 July 2021, the Supreme Court ordered the appointment of Deuba as prime minister within 28 hours, and he was appointed prime minister for a fifth term by President Bidya Devi Bhandari in accordance with Article 76(5) of the Constitution of Nepal the next day.[6]

Deuba is married to Arzu Rana Deuba. They have a son, Jaybir Sing Deuba.

Early life and education

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Deuba was born on 13 June 1946 in Ashigram, Dadeldhura. He completed his primary education from Ashigram Primary School. He then attented Mahendra High School in Doti where he completed his School Leaving Certificate exam. He moved to Kathmandu for his higher education and in 1963 enrolled in Tri-Chandra College.[7]

In 1988, Deuba, with the help of acting Nepali Congress president Krishna Prasad Bhattarai, got a scholarship through Socialist International and was sent to London to attend the London School of Economics where he was a research student studying political science.[8] In London he worked as a part-time translator for the BBC World Service.[9]

Political career

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Beginnings (1963–1990)

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He started his political career as the member of the Far Western Zonal Student Union in 1963. The organization was founded by students from Far-Western Development Region who were studying in Kathmandu at the time. While studying at Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus, he became a member of the Arjun Narasingha K.C. led Student Rally Coordination Committee along with Ram Chandra Poudel. He became a founding member of the Nepal Student Union in 1970. The next year, he became the president of the union, a position that he held for eight years.[10][11]

Deuba was arrested in connection with the Jaisidewal bomb plot.[12] He served nine years in jail during the 1970s and 80s for his participation in pro-democracy activities.[13]

Multiparty era (1991–2002)

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After the 1990 revolution, Deuba came back from London and was elected from Dadeldhura 1 at the 1991 election from Nepali Congress. He became Home Minister in Girija Prasad Koirala's cabinet.[10][11]

He was reelected from Dadeldhura 1 at the 1994 election. Following the party losing their majority in the election, party president Girija did not stand for parliamentary party leader and Deuba was elected unopposed after rivals Ram Chandra Poudel and Shailaja Acharya withdrew their candidacy.[11][14]

First cabinet (1995–1997)

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After the minority government of Manmohan Adhikari fell, Deuba was appointed as prime minister in 1995 with the support of Rastriya Prajatantra Party and Nepal Sadbhawana Party. He came into controversy for having 52 cabinet members in his eighteen month long tenure a move that was criticized by party president Girija Prasad Koirala. His government was also accused of bribing MPs from minor parties and sending Rastriya Prajatantra Party MP's to Bangkok in order to avoid key votes in the parliament. His administration also introduced pensions, allowances and other privileges for legislators.[15][16]

Deuba's administration frequently solicited the advice of the opposition in major domestic and foreign policy issues. His cabinet signed the Mahakali treaty with India, which had been initiated by the previous CPN (UML) government, introduced a system of voter ID and ended dual ownership of land through consensus in the parliament. Contunuing with party policy, his administration favored economic liberalization that the Koirala government in 1991 had started. Value-added taxes were introduced during his tenure. Deuba completed state visits to India, China, Pakistan, the United Kingdom and the United States during his tenure.[11][15][16]

He resigned in March 1997 after two MPs from his party abstained from voting against a no-confidence motion. He also resigned as parliamentary party leader after losing support in the parliamentary group and was replaced by Girija Prasad Koirala.[16]

In the 1999 election, Deuba was reelected from Dadeldhura 1. After the resignation of Krishna Prasad Bhattarai as prime minister and parliamentary party leader, Deuba faced off against Girija Prasad Koirala at the party but lost. [14] He also lost stood against Koirala at the party's tenth general convention in January 2001 for the past of party president but faced defeat again.[17]

Second cabinet (2001–2002)

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After Koirala was forced to resign following the Holeri scandal in July 2001, Deuba defeated Sushil Koirala in the contest for parliamentary party leader and was appointed as prime minister for the second time.[14] His government invited the Maoists for negotiations and agreed upon a cease-fire with them until the end of negotiations. The special Socio-Economic Reform Programs which covered land reforms, abolition of social discrimination, electoral reforms and women's property rights were brought in by his government as preemptive measures before negotiations with the Maoists.[18] Following a breakdown in negotiations, the Maoists resumed their attacks on the government and a state of emergency was declared for six months in February 2002 after a parliamentary vote.[19]

The July 2002 local elections were also postponed following the escalation of violence. After Deuba failed to get a two-thirds majority to extend the state of emergency and dissent within his party on the government's handling of the Maoist issue, Deuba requested King Gyanendra to dissolve the parliament and called for new elections within the next six months.[11][19]

The Deuba government failed to hold new elections and asked for fourteen more months citing the growing Maoist insurgency. He was subsequently removed as prime minister by King Gyanendra in November 2002. Removing an elected prime minister was seen as a autocratic move from the king and was followed by wide spread protests.[20]

Nepali Congress (Democratic) (2002–2007)

[edit]

Deuba's move to extend the state of emergency and dissolving the House of Representatives was severely criticized by party chairman Girija Prasad Koirala. After Deuba was expelled from the Nepali Congress, his faction of the party called a general convention that deposed Koirala . Koirala declared this general convention illegal and was supported by two-thirds of the members of the committee. In September 2002, the Election Commission declared that Koirala's group was the official Nepali Congress following which Deuba split the party and formed Nepali Congress (Democratic).[19]

Sher Bahadur Deuba with Manmohan Singh in 2004

Third cabinet (2004–2005)

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After months of protests from the major political parties, King Gyanendra agreed to let the parties nominate the next prime minister. When no consensus was reached among the parties, Deuba was reinstated as prime minister in June 2004.[21]

He remained as prime minister until 1 February 2005, when the king seized executive power and placed leading politicians including Deuba under house arrest. In July, Deuba was sentenced to two years in jail on corruption charges related to Melamchi Water Supply Project by the Royal Commission on Corruption Control set up by King Gyanendra. After the Supreme Court dismissed the commission for being unconstitutional, he was released from prison.[13][22]

In September 2007, he re-united the Nepali Congress (Democratic) with the Nepali Congress.[23]

Constituent Assembly (2008–2015)

[edit]

He was elected from Dadeldhura 1 and Kanchanpur 4 at the 2008 Constituent Assembly election, the latter of which he vacated. Deuba was the candidate for Nepali Congress for prime minister but lost to CPN (Maoist) leader Pushpa Kamala Dahal, 464-113.[24] He faced off against Ram Chandra Poudel for parliamentary party leader but lost.[14] Deuba also unsuccessfully challenged acting president Sushil Koirala at the party's 12th general convention in September 2010.[25][17]

He was reelected from Dadeldhura 1 at the 2013 Constituent Assembly election. He challenged party president Sushil Koirala for parliamentary party leader but lost.[14][26]

Congress president (2016–present)

[edit]
Deuba with his Indian counterpart, Narendra Modi, in 2017

At the party's 13th general convention, Deuba contested against Ram Chandra Poudel and Krishna Prasad Sitaula for party president. Deuba fell 11 votes short of winning in the first round and was elected in the second round, defeating Poudel with 58% of the vote.[17][27]

Fourth cabinet (2017–2018)

[edit]
Main article: Fourth Deuba cabinet

In August 2016, the party agreed on a deal with CPN (Maoist Centre) to run the government for nine months each until the next election. As per the agreement, Deuba was sworn in as prime minister for the fourth time on 7 June 2017.[28][29] He was elected from Dadeldhura 1 at the 2017 election but the left alliance of CPN (UML) and CPN (Maoist Centre) gained a majority in the House of Representatives. He resigned in February 2018 to make way for the new government.[30] In the contest for parliamentary party leader he defeated Prakash Man Singh.[14]

PM Deuba with Boris Johnson in London in 2021 COP26

Fifth cabinet (2021–2022)

[edit]
Main article: Fifth Deuba cabinet

After KP Sharma Oli lost a no-confidence motion against him, Deuba was proposed as prime minister by the CPN (Maoist Centre) and some members of the opposition CPN (UML). President Bidhya Devi Bhandari denied this claim and reappointed Oli as prime minister who requested that the House of Representatives be dissolved and called for new elections.[31][32][33] This was met by a legal challenge in the Supreme Court which ruled in favor of restoring the lower house and appointing Deuba as prime minister in July 2021.[34][35] Deuba was then appointed prime minister for the fifth time.[36][37]

At the party's 14th general convention in December 2021, he faced a challenge from Shekhar Koirala, Prakash Man Singh, Bimalendra Nidhi and Kalyan Gurung. Deuba got 48% of the vote in the first round and faced Koirala in the second round. Deuba was re-elected as president defeating Shekhar Koirala with 60% of the vote after Singh and Nidhi supported him in the second round.[38][39]

He was reelected from Dadeldhura 1 at the 2022 election.[40] He was also reelected as the parliamentary party leader, surviving a challenge from general secretary Gagan Thapa.[14][41] Deuba was replaced by Pushpa Kamal Dahal following the election.[42]

Personal life

[edit]

Deuba is married to Arzu Rana Deuba and has a son Jaiveer Singh.[13] In November 2016, Deuba was conferred an honorary doctorate degree by Jawaharlal Nehru University in India.[43]

Electoral Performance

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Election House Constituency Party Votes Result
1991 House of Representatives Dadeldhura 1 Nepali Congress 24,570 checkY Elected
1994 House of Representatives Dadeldhura 1 Nepali Congress 20,701 checkY Elected
1999 House of Representatives Dadeldhura 1 Nepali Congress 28,651 checkY Elected
2008 Constituent Assembly Dadeldhura 1 Nepali Congress 20,529 checkY Elected
Kanchanpur 4 12,824 checkY Vacaetd
2013 Constituent Assembly Dadeldhura 1 Nepali Congress 23,920 checkY Elected
2017 House of Representatives Dadeldhura 1 Nepali Congress 28,446 checkY Elected
2022 House of Representatives Dadeldhura 1 Nepali Congress 25,534 checkY Elected

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Personal information of Sher Bahadur Deuba published in". Office of the Prime Minister and Council of Ministers. Retrieved 25 November 2022.
  2. ^ संसदीय विवरण पुस्तिका, प्रतिनिधि सभा (२०५६ - २०५९) (PDF).
  3. ^ solivri (19 June 2017). "Nepal: Transitional uncertainty". JusticeInfo.net. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  4. ^ "IPU PARLINE database: NEPAL (Sambidhan Sabha) ELECTIONS IN 2008". archive.ipu.org. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  5. ^ "Sher Bahadur Deuba sworn in as Nepal prime minister, for fifth time". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  6. ^ "Sher Bahadur Deuba becomes Nepal's prime minister for the fifth time". www.business-standard.com. Press Trust of India. 13 July 2021. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  7. ^ "शेरबहादुरका साथीः पाइन्ट किन्नेदेखि रक्सी पिउनेसम्म !". Online Khabar. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  8. ^ Science, London School of Economics and Political. "LSE people". London School of Economics and Political Science. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  9. ^ "Deuba at lse". Nepali Times. 12 July 2002. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  10. ^ a b "पाँचौँ पटक प्रधानमन्त्री बनेका शेरबहादुर देउवा को हुन्?". BBC News नेपाली (in Nepali). Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  11. ^ a b c d e "को हुन् देउवा ? के चाहन्छन् उनी ?". Online Khabar. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  12. ^ Khatiwada, Sudarshan (2 January 2023). "ती 'बहादुर' शेर, यी शेरबहादुर". Onlinekhabar (in Nepali). Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  13. ^ a b c "Former Nepali PM Deuba convicted". CNN. 26 July 2005. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  14. ^ a b c d e f g "कांग्रेस संसदीय दलमा देउवाकाे चौथो इन्ट्री, यसअघि काे-काेसँग थियाे प्रतिस्पर्धामा ?". ekagaj. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  15. ^ a b Hachhethu, Krishna (1997). "Nepal in 1996: Experimenting with a Coalition Government". Asian Survey. 37 (2): 149–154. doi:10.2307/2645481. ISSN 0004-4687.
  16. ^ a b c Khanal, Y. N. (1998). "Nepal in 1997: Political Stability Eludes". Asian Survey. 38 (2): 148–154. doi:10.2307/2645672. ISSN 0004-4687.
  17. ^ a b c "कांग्रेसको सातौं देखि १३ औं महाधिवेशनसम्म". radiokantipur.com. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
  18. ^ Baral, Lok Raj (2002). "Nepal in 2001: The Strained Monarchy". Asian Survey. 42 (1): 198–203. doi:10.1525/as.2002.42.1.198. ISSN 0004-4687.
  19. ^ a b c Krämer, Karl-Heinz (1 February 2003). "Nepal in 2002: Emergency and Resurrection of Royal Power". Asian Survey. 43 (1): 208–214. doi:10.1525/as.2003.43.1.208. ISSN 0004-4687.
  20. ^ "तीनवटा पञ्चायतको पतनपछि पाँचवटा पैसातन्त्र". ekagaj. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  21. ^ Hutt, Michael (2005). "Nepal and Bhutan in 2004: Two Kings, Two Futures". Asian Survey. 45 (1): 83–87. doi:10.1525/as.2005.45.1.83. ISSN 0004-4687.
  22. ^ Hutt, Michael (2006). "Nepal and Bhutan in 2005: Monarchy and Democracy, Can They Co-exist?". Asian Survey. 46 (1): 120–124. doi:10.1525/as.2006.46.1.120. ISSN 0004-4687.
  23. ^ Uppal, Disha (26 September 2007). "Nepali Congress Re-Unites". DW. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
  24. ^ "Ex-rebels' chief chosen as Nepal's new PM" Archived 19 September 2008 at the Wayback Machine, Associated Press (International Herald Tribune), 15 August 2008.
  25. ^ "Sushil does it, clinches the post". The Himalayan Times. Archived from the original on 15 April 2011. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
  26. ^ "Sushil Koirala elected PP leader of NC, set to become PM". The Economic Times. 26 January 2014. ISSN 0013-0389. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
  27. ^ Koirala, Keshav P. (7 March 2016). "Sher Bahadur Deuba elected Nepali Congress president". The Himalayan Times. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
  28. ^ "Deuba sworn in as 40th PM, forms Cabinet by inducting 7 ministers". The Kathmandu Post. Archived from the original on 29 October 2017. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
  29. ^ "Sher Bahadur Deuba sworn in as Prime Minister". The Himalayan Times. 7 June 2017. Archived from the original on 25 November 2017. Retrieved 1 November 2017.
  30. ^ "Sher Bahadur Deuba resigns, KP Oli to take over as Nepal PM". The Indian Express. 15 February 2018. Archived from the original on 5 May 2019. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
  31. ^ "President Bhandari calls on parties to form majority government, allots three days' time". The Himalayan Times. 10 May 2021. Archived from the original on 12 May 2021. Retrieved 12 May 2021.
  32. ^ "Neither Deuba nor Oli can be appointed PM: President Bhandari". The Himalayan Times. 22 May 2021. Archived from the original on 22 May 2021. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
  33. ^ "In a midnight drama, Nepal President dissolves House and calls polls for November 12 and 19". The Kathmandu Post. Archived from the original on 2 June 2021. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
  34. ^ "Supreme Court reinstates House, issues verdict in favour of Deuba's claim". The Himalayan Times. 12 July 2021. Archived from the original on 12 July 2021. Retrieved 14 July 2021.
  35. ^ Sharma, Bhadra; Mashal, Mujib (12 July 2021). "Nepal Court Replaces Prime Minister After Months of Turbulence". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 18 December 2021.
  36. ^ "Deuba set to govern for a year and a half as he wins House confidence". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
  37. ^ "Sher Bahadur Deuba sworn in as Nepal prime minister, for fifth time". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
  38. ^ "Deuba reelected as Nepali Congress President". My Republica. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
  39. ^ "Sher Bahadur Deuba defeats Shekhar Koirala to reclaim Congress president post". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
  40. ^ "Prime Minister Sher Bahadur Deuba re-elected from Dadeldhura". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
  41. ^ "Deuba elected NC parliamentary party leader". The Himalayan Times. 21 December 2022. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
  42. ^ "President appoints Pushpa Kamal Dahal prime minister". kathmandupost.com. Retrieved 20 July 2024.
  43. ^ "Deuba conferred JNU's honorary doctorate degree". The Kathmandu Post. 7 November 2016. Archived from the original on 7 November 2016. Retrieved 7 November 2016.
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Party political offices
Preceded by President of the Nepali Congress
2016–present 		Incumbent
Political offices
Preceded by Prime Minister of Nepal
1995–1997 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Prime Minister of Nepal
2001–2002 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Prime Minister of Nepal
2004–2005 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Prime Minister of Nepal
2017–2018 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Prime Minister of Nepal
2021–2022 		Succeeded by
Diplomatic posts
Preceded by Chair of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
2002 		Succeeded by
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